Wah Academia Journal of Global Religions
type: channel
description: Wah Academia Journal of Global Religions (WAJGR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the scholarly exploration of religious traditions, interfaith dialogue, spiritual philosophies, and the role of religion in global socio-political contexts. Published quaterly by Wah Academia, WAJGR seeks to foster critical thinking and inclusive scholarship that bridges Eastern and Western religious perspectives. The journal welcomes original research articles, critical essays, and book reviews from scholars in religious studies, theology, anthropology, philosophy, sociology, history, and political science. It provides a platform for both established and emerging voices in the field, with a special focus on comparative religion, contemporary religious movements, and the intersection of religion with globalization, ethics, gender, and ecology. WAJGR encourages submissions that reflect interdisciplinary approaches and diverse methodological frameworks, aiming to promote mutual understanding among faith communities and contribute to global peace and tolerance through academic discourse.
publisher: Wah Academia (SMC-PVT) Ltd
language: en
publication name: Wah Academia Journal of Global Religions
issn: 3105-4544
copyright: Copyright and Licensing Open Access: Publication is Open Access Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution License - CC BY- 4.0 Copyrights: The author retains unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights
items: Legal Pathways to Palestinian Statehood: An Analysis under the United Nations Charter and Article 4
items: Longing as Devotion: Spiritual Desire and Hallajian Fanâ in the Ghani Khan’s poems The World and Heaven, and the Pious Priest and Madman
items: A Voyage on Common Spiritual Roots Across Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and Islam
items: Long-Distance Agreement in Urdu Infinitival Clauses: A Syntactic Analysis
items: Emergency Powers, Constitutional Order, and Moral Legitimacy: Reflections on Sri Lanka’s 2018 Crisis
items: Between Memory and History: Crossing the River as a Polyphonic Archive of Diasporic Identity
items: From Tradition to Modernity: A Comparative Analysis of Gender Roles Across Cultures
items: Human Dignity in World Religions: A Comparative Study of Sacred Texts
items: The Triangle of Monotheism: A Quranic Perspective
items: Women's Rights in Islam: Historical Evolution from Pre-Islamic Arabia to Modern Times
items: Islamic Ethical Perspectives on AI and Digital Transformation in the 21st Century
items: Faith and Fusion: Exploring the Unique Religious Practices of Bengali Muslims
items: Aesthetic Elements of Calligraphy: With Reference to Devanagari
items: The Absurdity of Hope: A Philosophical Exploration of Camus' Concept of Living with the Absurd
items: An Examination of The Role of Ethnicity, Religion, and Economic Indices in The Fragmentation of The Crisis of Governance in Africa
items: Reimagining Social Justice through Islamic Ethical Leadership in Global Governance
items: The Problem of Religious Diversity and Its Implication on Religious Knowledge
items: Hak Digital dan Etika Media Sosial Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an
items: Managerial Strategies of the Lintas Bercahaya Program in Enhancing the Broadcast Quality of Radio Bercahaya 94.3 FM Cilacap
items: Syibhul ‘Iddah for Men: An Analysis of the Madhāhib al-Arba‘ah within the Framework of Justice in Islamic Law
items: Faith and Unity: A Global Religious Tapestry
items: Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga Terhadap Istri: Tinjauan Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam
items: Omnibenevolent God and the Blessedness of Evil: A Critical Analysis
items: Implementation of Multicultural-Based Islamic Education at Senior High School
items: Habituation of Sholat Dhuha to Foster Religious and Moral Values in Early Childhood

Legal Pathways to Palestinian Statehood: An Analysis under the United Nations Charter and Article 4
type: item
description: This article explores the legal means of Palestinian statehood with reference to the United Nations Charter, with specific emphasis on Article 4 and the process of admission of new members to the United Nations. The article will analyze the changing status of Palestine, from its Declaration of Independence in 1988 to its status as a non-member observer state in 2012, and the recent applications for membership in 2024. This article will address the declaratory and constitutive theories of statehood, the Montevideo criteria, and the role of collective recognition in the context of the United Nations framework. The article will also analyze the role of the 2024 International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Palestinian Sovereignty and the legal hurdles created by the Oslo Accords, the role of the United States veto, and the Israeli occupation. This article will contend that, despite the objective criteria for statehood, the political hurdles in the Security Council hinder the Palestinian quest for United Nations membership, revealing the contradiction between the universalist ambitions of the United Nations Charter and the realpolitik of great power politics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Palestine
  topic: keywords
subject: statehood
  topic: keywords
subject: United Nations Charter
  topic: keywords
subject: Article 4
  topic: keywords
subject: recognition
  topic: keywords
creator: Barrister Dr. Anwar Baig
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Barrister Dr. Anwar Baig (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 132
ending page: 146
doi: 10.63954/erf1qf85

Longing as Devotion: Spiritual Desire and Hallajian Fanâ in the Ghani Khan’s poems The World and Heaven, and the Pious Priest and Madman
type: item
description: This paper explores the concept of spiritual longing in the poetry of Ghani Khan through the Hallajian doctrine of fanā (self-annihilation), arguing that desire in his poetic vision functions as a form of devotion rather than emotional yearning. While Ghani Khan’s poetry has been widely discussed in aesthetic, existential, and socio-political terms, its engagement with mystical longing as a transformative spiritual practice remains underexamined. Using qualitative thematic analysis of selected Pashto poems, the study identifies recurring patterns of desire, separation, and ecstatic suffering that align with Mansur al-Hallaj’s understanding of longing as a sign of divine presence. The findings reveal that Ghani Khan sustains longing as an existential condition that destabilizes the ego and guides the self toward fanā, rather than resolving desire through symbolic union. By situating Ghani Khan within the Hallajian mystical tradition, this paper demonstrates how his poetry reconfigures longing as worship, where devotion is enacted through sustained yearning, self-dissolution, and spiritual risk. The study contributes to Pashto literary studies and comparative mysticism by foregrounding longing as a central devotional and philosophical principle in Ghani Khan’s poetic imagination.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ghani Khan
  topic: keywords
subject: Fana
  topic: keywords
subject: Sufism
  topic: keywords
subject: Pashto poetry
  topic: keywords
subject: dissolution
  topic: keywords
subject: self
  topic: keywords
subject: Longing
  topic: keywords
creator: Salvia Islam
creator: Hamza Bin Anees
creator: Aiman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Salvia Islam, Hamza Bin Anees, Aiman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 85
ending page: 105
doi: 10.63954/xw97hz14

A Voyage on Common Spiritual Roots Across Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and Islam
type: item
description: This article explores the structural and thematic similarities among four major world religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and Islam. It focuses on general cosmological beliefs, universal flood myths, theories of salvation and the debated notion of Buddhist influence on the historical figure of Jesus. By examining Theravāda canonical texts, Purāṇic literature, Biblical and Qur'anic writings and existing scholarship in comparative religion, the article argues that the identified similarities, especially flood narratives (such as Matsya, Noah, and Nūḥ), liberation hierarchies and the Vaishnavite interpretation of the Buddha as the ninth avatāra of Viṣṇu, are systematic and structurally significant enough to warrant scholarly study. The article employs a standard of evidence suitable for a comparative religion context, identifies claims lacking documentary support as hypotheses, acknowledges traditions that are debated within their own contexts, and avoids the common pitfall of asserting that all religions are identical. The posited central claim is more modest yet arguably more intriguing. These traditions exhibit recurring deep structures in soteriology and eschatology that require explanation, whether through shared prehistoric origins, independent parallel development or by combining both. The article elucidates on the documented convergence of the religions, a structural analogy and “contested contact” theory; thus, this hierarchy is for categorizing inter-religious parallels based on the quality of available evidence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Comparative Religion
  topic: keywords
subject: Buddhism
  topic: keywords
subject: Hinduism
  topic: keywords
subject: Christianity
  topic: keywords
subject: Islam
  topic: keywords
subject: soteriology
  topic: keywords
subject: flood mythology
  topic: keywords
creator: Suween Vinsuka Kannangara
creator: Prof. Vishaka Suriyabandara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suween Vinsuka Kannangara, Prof. Vishaka Suriyabandara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 73
ending page: 84
doi: 10.63954/b1gp1y73

Long-Distance Agreement in Urdu Infinitival Clauses: A Syntactic Analysis
type: item
description: The aim of the current is to investigate long-distance agreement (LDA) in Urdu infinitive clauses specifically emphasizing on DPs case licensing, agreement, and movement, employing Bošković’s model (2003, 2006, 2007). Previous studies articulated that long-distance agreement (LDA) is mediated by case-driven in long-distance movement, short distance movement in diverse range of languages including Hindi Urdu, Kashmiri, and Tsez to the clause edge, thereby enabling agreement across domains. Such outcomes established a close link between case and agreement, with movement providing the structural configuration necessary for agreement. Employing qualitative research design, Urdu demonstrates a different pattern in infinitival clauses as in Urdu, they are structurally reduced (vP/VP rather than CP/TP), which blocks accessibility for agreement under the Phase Impenetrability Condition (PIC). Consequently, matrix verbs, seskha and passand and auxiliaries, hai, license ergative or accusative case but fail to establish φ feature agreement with embedded infinitival or the object DPs. On the other hand, move could theoretically circumvent PIC utilizing successive cyclic movement, the Urdu instances show that such movement is not activated, blocking agreement. These findings deviate from previous Hindi Urdu accounts that reveal the LDA triggered by embedded objects and instead support Bošković’s (2007) distinction: Agree is locality bound and blocked in reduced clauses, while Move offers a potential escape route that remains unused in Urdu nonfinite structures. This study contributes to the broader theoretical debate by representing that Urdu gives strong empirical evidence for phase theory while showing heterogeneity in agreement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Long-distance agreement
  topic: keywords
subject: move
  topic: keywords
subject: clause
  topic: keywords
subject: phase interpretability condition
  topic: keywords
subject: case
  topic: keywords
creator: Naila Kanwal Dar
creator: Asad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asad Ali, Naila Kanwal Dar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 61
ending page: 72
doi: 10.63954/c7dcyc57

Emergency Powers, Constitutional Order, and Moral Legitimacy: Reflections on Sri Lanka’s 2018 Crisis
type: item
description: The 2018 constitutional crisis in Sri Lanka represents a critical turning point in the country’s post-1978 constitutional history, raising profound questions about the scope of executive emergency powers and the effectiveness of constitutional checks and balances. The study critically examines the legal and political dimensions of emergency – style executive action during the crisis, focusing on the interpretation of presidential powers, parliamentary sovereignty and judicial review. Research problem is to what extent did the exercise of presidential power during Sri Lanka’s 2018 constitutional crisis expose structural weaknesses in constitutional checks and balance particularly regarding emergency style executive authority under the post 1978 constitutional framework? The research main objective of this study is to analyze how the 2018 constitutional crisis tested the constitutional safeguards introduced under the constitution of Sri Lanka, particularly after the 19th amendment to the constitution, and to evaluate whether Sri Lanka’s semi – presidential system provides sufficient institutional mechanisms to restrain emergency – style executive actions. Sub objectives are to examine the constitutional provisions governing presidential powers under the post 1978 framework, to analyze the legal and political developments during Sri Lanka’s 2018 constitutional crisis, to evaluate the role of parliament and the judiciary in checking executive actions during the crisis and to assess the effectiveness of the 19th amendment in limiting executive overreach. The writing of this article uses qualitative method. Under the qualitative method using literature resources for this. Specially analysis technique based on previous researchers’ findings. The findings contribute to ongoing debates on constitutional reform, democratic resilience and the recalibration of executive power in post-conflict societies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Constitutional checks
  topic: keywords
subject: Constitutional Crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency power
  topic: keywords
subject: Sri Lanka
  topic: keywords
creator: S.V. Kannangara
creator: V. S. Suriyabandara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S.V. Kannangara, V. S. Suriyabandara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 60
doi: 10.63954/32ah4e59

Between Memory and History: Crossing the River as a Polyphonic Archive of Diasporic Identity
type: item
description: Crossing the River (1993) by Caryl Phillips has been the subject of numerous research studies that celebrate the novel for its portrayal of slavery, the Middle Passage, its vocal/choral nature, vocal plurality, and hyper-textuality, as well as its archival memory. My paper analyzes the novel using Paul Gilroy’s project of the ‘Black Atlantic’ as the main lens of analysis, integrating the ideas on the archive by Derrida and the vocal features of the novel in my discussion, presenting how the vocal nature and plurality of the novel help in developing an archive of what Gilroy calls the ‘Black Atlantic’. Though scholars have read the structure of the novel as paradigmatic of Gilroy’s theoretical model, my study is unique in its métissage of the framework of ‘Black Atlantic’ and Derridean concept of ‘Archive’ with the vocal elements in discussion of Phillip’s novel, e.g., the voice of the guilty father figure, the popping in and out of voices of the slave trader and the father, the multitude of voices of the African diaspora, along with the references to music and the drum beating, all contributing to creation of a polyphonic archive of the diasporic identity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: History
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyphonic Archive
  topic: keywords
subject: Diasporic Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Black Atlantic
  topic: keywords
creator: Safeer Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Safeer Hussain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 34
doi: 10.63954/qh63fk17

From Tradition to Modernity: A Comparative Analysis of Gender Roles Across Cultures
type: item
description: This study investigates the transformation of gender roles and expectations in traditional and contemporary societies through a cross-cultural framework. It delves into how entrenched cultural and religious values in traditional communities have shaped fixed gender roles, often reinforcing patriarchal norms through prescribed labor divisions and family hierarchies. In contrast, modern societies are experiencing a notable shift toward gender role flexibility and equality, influenced by industrialization, expanded access to education, global interconnectedness, and the advocacy of gender justice movements. The paper also examines the friction that emerges in this evolving landscape, particularly generational divides between older individuals who uphold conventional views and younger cohorts who challenge them with more inclusive perspectives. Furthermore, it analyzes the effectiveness and limitations of both global and localized gender equality campaigns, shedding light on their cultural adaptability and impact. Drawing on comparative insights and real-world examples, the research highlights the nuanced interplay between tradition and modernity in shaping gender relations. While acknowledging the strides made toward equality, the paper underscores that progress remains inconsistent and context-dependent, calling for ongoing, culturally attuned efforts to close persistent gender gaps.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intergenerational Gender Perspective
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: and Social Change
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof Steve Ogbodo
creator: Chukwuemeka Steve Abiakam
creator: Akolo Yohanna Jaggu
creator: Unekwuojo Iye Etubi-Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Prof Steve Ogbodo, Chukwuemeka Steve Abiakam, Akolo Yohanna Jaggu, Unekwuojo Iye Etubi-Ibrahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 29
doi: 10.63954/dnt05j86

Human Dignity in World Religions: A Comparative Study of Sacred Texts
type: item
description: Human dignity, understood as the intrinsic worth of each person, is a foundational concept in ethical, legal, and religious discourse. This paper examines how major world religions articulate human dignity through their sacred texts and traditions. A comparative interdisciplinary approach is adopted, drawing on primary sources (scriptures and classic teachings) and secondary scholarship. After outlining philosophical and ethical conceptions of dignity and its role in modern human rights, the study analyses key religious traditions: Hinduism (Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita), Buddhism (Tripitaka and Mahāyāna texts), Judaism (Torah and Rabbinic writings), Christianity (Hebrew Bible and New Testament), and Islam (Qur’an and Ḥadīth). Within each, concepts such as the divine image (e.g. tath ātmā brahma in Hinduism, imago Dei in Judeo-Christianity, Buddha-nature in Buddhism), sanctity of life, moral equality, justice, compassion, and social responsibility are highlighted. A comparative section identifies similarities (e.g., the inherent worth of humans, ethical duties of compassion and justice) and differences (e.g., caste-based duties in Hinduism vs. equality in Christianity), as well as universal versus tradition-specific notions. The interplay of religious dignity concepts with contemporary issues, such as human rights, social justice, gender equality, and pluralism, is then explored. Critical discussions address limitations within religious teachings (e.g., hierarchical or patriarchal norms) and debates over applying sacred concepts in secular societies. The conclusion summarises findings, noting that while expressions differ, all traditions affirm a measure of inherent human worth, offering complementary resources for global ethics. The paper contributes an integrated survey of dignity across religions and suggests directions for further interfaith and ethical research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: human dignity
  topic: keywords
subject: sacred texts
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative religion
  topic: keywords
subject: imago Dei
  topic: keywords
subject: Buddha-nature
  topic: keywords
subject: social justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Ansarul
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ansarul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 20
doi: 10.63954/4stc7w25

The Triangle of Monotheism: A Quranic Perspective
type: item
description: This article investigates the Qur’anic understanding of monotheism (Tawḥīd) by introducing a conceptual model described as the Triangle of Monotheism, which is formed by Allah, Prophethood, and Humanity. The study maintains that the Qur’an presents monotheism as a comprehensive system that extends beyond belief in the oneness of God to include adherence to prophetic revelation and the ethical accountability of human beings. Through an analysis of relevant Qur’anic passages, the research explains how these three components operate in mutual relationship to shape religious belief, moral values, and social conduct. By framing Tawḥīd as an integrated theological structure, this study offers a renewed approach to understanding Islamic monotheism and contributes to ongoing scholarly discussions in Qur’anic theology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: monotheism
  topic: keywords
subject: Prophethood
  topic: keywords
subject: Humanity
  topic: keywords
subject: Tawḥīd
  topic: keywords
subject: theological structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Quranic Perspective
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Nehal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nehal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 07
ending page: 10
doi: 10.63954/x4v03m49

Women's Rights in Islam: Historical Evolution from Pre-Islamic Arabia to Modern Times
type: item
description: Women’s rights in Islam are often debated and frequently misunderstood due to cultural practices and selective interpretations. This paper examines the historical evolution of women’s rights in Islam from pre-Islamic Arabia to modern times. It aims to show how Islamic teachings brought significant reforms in the social, legal, and moral status of women. Before Islam, women faced severe discrimination, denial of inheritance, and lack of personal choice. Islam addressed these injustices by granting women rights to inheritance, consent in marriage, education, religious responsibility, and participation in social life. The study also highlights the important contributions of Muslim women scholars, jurists, and educators during the prophetic and medieval periods. In addition, the paper briefly discusses Muslim feminism and contrasts it with Western feminist thought to clarify key ideological differences. Based on Qur’anic teachings, Hadith, and historical evidence, the paper argues that Islam fundamentally supports dignity, justice, and equity for women. The study concludes that many contemporary challenges faced by Muslim women arise from cultural misuse of religion rather than Islamic principles themselves. Understanding Islam through authentic sources is essential for an accurate view of women’s rights.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women’s Rights in Islam
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Equality
  topic: keywords
subject: Feminism
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic History
  topic: keywords
subject: Muslim Women Scholars
  topic: keywords
creator: Araj Sekh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Araj Sekh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 01
ending page: 06
doi: 10.63954/qw9hfq29

Islamic Ethical Perspectives on AI and Digital Transformation in the 21st Century
type: item
description: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in the 21st century has spurred intense ethical debates worldwide, yet the prevailing discourse remains an ethics monoculture dominated by Western secular frameworks. This paper addresses that imbalance by proposing a novel Islamic AI ethics framework and providing a systematic mapping of Islamic principles to AI governance challenges. We demonstrate that Islamic ethics not only reinforces global principles like fairness and accountability but also introduces a critical dimension of spiritual accountability (amānah, the concept of divine trust) often absent from secular models. A qualitative, comparative methodology is applied: we review both mainstream AI ethics and Islamic ethical thought, then analyze four Muslim-majority country case studies (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Pakistan). Findings: Islamic ethical precepts show broad convergence with global AI ethics – for example, Islam’s emphasis on justice aligns with fairness in algorithms, and the Islamic right to privacy complements data protection norms. More strikingly, Islamic ethics frames responsible AI as a moral duty and form of worship, embedding accountability before God as a motivator for ethical AI. The case studies illustrate how these nations integrate ethical AI guidelines with cultural and religious values – from the UAE’s voluntary AI Ethics Principles to Saudi Arabia’s Shariah-referenced data laws, Malaysia’s new AI Office (NAIO) balancing multicultural norms, and Pakistan’s National AI Policy aspiring to “ethical, inclusive” AI. The discussion highlights the potential of Islamic ethics to enrich the pluralistic dialogue on AI governance, ensuring technological innovation proceeds with moral responsibility, cultural inclusivity, and robust oversight (to prevent mere “ethics-washing”). We conclude with recommendations for policymakers – an Islamic AI governance framework – including the drafting of an Islamic AI Ethics Charter and the instituti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: AI Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Uzma Waseem
creator: Abdur Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Uzma Waseem, Abdur Rahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 31
ending page: 54
doi: 10.63954/4sz9d580

Faith and Fusion: Exploring the Unique Religious Practices of Bengali Muslims
type: item
description: The religious practices of Bengali Muslims represent a unique blend of Islamic traditions and regional Bengali culture, reflecting a dynamic interplay of faith and cultural identity. This study explores how Bengali Muslims integrate Islamic rituals with local customs, examining the historical, cultural, and social factors that have shaped these practices. It draws on key examples such as the incorporation of Bengali culinary traditions into Eid celebrations, the role of Dargahs in spiritual life, and the coexistence of Islamic and Bengali festivals, including Milad-un-Nabi and Pohela Boishak. Through a comparative analysis of urban and rural practices, the study investigates how modernization and globalization are influencing these traditions. Potential research questions include: How do Bengali Muslims navigate the dual identity of being both Bengali and Muslim? What role do Sufi traditions play in maintaining cultural cohesion? How do rural and urban communities differ in their expression of religious practices? A review of literature, including works on Sufism, Islamic cultural adaptation, and the history of Islam in Bengal, provides a foundation for understanding the evolution of these practices. This research is significant for its ability to highlight the adaptive and inclusive nature of Bengali Muslim identity, particularly in an era of increasing cultural homogenization and religious polarization. It underscores the potential of blended traditions to foster social cohesion and interfaith understanding, both in Bengal and in diaspora communities worldwide. As modernity and migration continue to challenge traditional practices, this study is essential for documenting and preserving the cultural heritage of Bengali Muslims. Furthermore, it provides critical insights into the role of religion in shaping identity and community in multicultural contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bengali Muslims
  topic: keywords
subject: religious practices
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural fusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Sufism
  topic: keywords
subject: community cohesion
  topic: keywords
subject: modernization
  topic: keywords
creator: Tousif Reja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tousif Reja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 26
ending page: 30
doi: 10.63954/9ssf0m17

Aesthetic Elements of Calligraphy: With Reference to Devanagari
type: item
description: Calligraphy—meaning the art of beautiful writing—is not merely the decoration of letters; rather, it is a vibrant and emotional visual expression in which language and art come together in a remarkable harmony. When this art combines with the Devanagari script, it transforms from being just a script into a living symbol of Indian culture, tradition, and aesthetic sensibility. Devanagari—used to write languages such as Hindi, Sanskrit, Marathi, and Nepali—is considered one of the most aesthetically rich scripts in the world due to its clear linearity, rhythmic flow, and distinctive headline (shirorekha). In Devanagari calligraphy, beauty emerges on multiple levels—such as the movement and rhythm of lines, the balance of curves and angles, and the artistic use of negative space. The shirorekha is not merely a line but a creative energy that binds words together and lends a unique elegance to calligraphy. The interplay of thick and thin strokes, harmonious shapes, and appropriate spacing ensures that every word becomes a visual poem. Historically, the original handwritten copy of the Indian Constitution, created by Prem Behari Narain Raizada, stands as a symbol of the excellence of Devanagari calligraphy. In the contemporary era, artists like Achyut Palav and R. K. Joshi have enhanced its artistic value and established Devanagari on the global stage. Today, through digital tools, typeface design, and graphic platforms, Devanagari calligraphy is not only expanding its artistic presence but also showcasing its beauty in new mediums such as branding, animation, and visual communication.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aesthetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Calligraphy
  topic: keywords
subject: Writing Art
  topic: keywords
subject: Script
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Prakash Das Khandey
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Prakash Das Khandey (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 16
ending page: 25
doi: 10.63954/wmgnvg63

The Absurdity of Hope: A Philosophical Exploration of Camus' Concept of Living with the Absurd
type: item
description: Albert Camus, a prominent philosopher in existentialism, offered a groundbreaking perspective on human existence through his concept of the absurd. In his works, particularly The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), Camus defines the absurd as the conflict between humanity's intrinsic desire for meaning and the universe's indifference. This paper explores Camus’ rejection of hope, examining his belief that traditional notions of hope deny life's absurdity. Rather than succumbing to despair, Camus advocates for living authentically by embracing the absurd and creating meaning through personal experiences. This paper also analyzes the relevance of Camus’ ideas in contemporary discussions on meaning and critiques of his rejection of hope. Ultimately, this exploration reveals that Camus’ philosophy offers a liberating perspective on navigating an inherently meaningless world.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: absurd
  topic: keywords
subject: Camus
  topic: keywords
subject: hope
  topic: keywords
subject: existentialism
  topic: keywords
subject: meaning
  topic: keywords
creator: Osagie Sylvester AIMIEHINOR
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Osagie Sylvester AIMIEHINOR (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 11
ending page: 15
doi: 10.63954/67krz281

An Examination of The Role of Ethnicity, Religion, and Economic Indices in The Fragmentation of The Crisis of Governance in Africa
type: item
description: The study examined the role of ethnicity, religion, and economic factors as key indicators that have contributed to the governance crises in Africa, and explored strategies to mitigate their effects. It evaluated these elements in various African nations, with a special focus on Nigeria, where they are particularly prominent. The study revealed that the government's failure to address issues such as poverty and corruption hinders development, leading to conflicts that often revolve around ethnicity and religion. The research indicated that robust economic and corporate governance are essential for Africa's revitalization. The conclusion of the paper suggests that Africa can improve by moving beyond narrow tribal and ethnic loyalties, emphasizing the importance of credible elections as a way to oust corrupt leaders. The research methodology included a descriptive approach and content analysis, which involved collecting scholarly articles from books, journals, magazines, online sources, and newspapers. The study also reviewed the Conflict Transformation theory, which argues that, despite Africa's rich human and natural resources, poor governance, corruption, and significant external debt are major obstacles.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethnicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Religion
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance Economic Indices
  topic: keywords
creator: Chukwuemeka Steve Abiakam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chukwuemeka Steve Abiakam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.63954/tr54na17

Reimagining Social Justice through Islamic Ethical Leadership in Global Governance
type: item
description: This paper explains the idea of social justice from the viewpoint of Islamic ethical leadership and studies how these values can reshape global governance. The present world system has made some progress in areas like human rights, international law, and development institutions. But serious issues still exist, such as poverty, economic inequality, political instability, environmental problems, and violations of human dignity. A major reason for these challenges is the lack of true ethical leadership, which makes the current system weak and ineffective. By using the guidance of the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the opinions of classical Islamic scholars, the research shows that the Islamic concept of justice is not only about law or economy. It is a complete framework that balances rights and responsibilities, and it is rooted in the higher objectives of Shariah (Maqasid al-Shariah). The paper also compares these ideas with the theories of Western thinkers like John Rawls and Amartya Sen, to highlight both similarities and differences. In addition, the study looks at the views of Pakistani and international scholars, along with policy papers of institutions like the United Nations and the World Bank. It shows that Islamic ethical leadership can offer a practical alternative, based on principles such as accountability, collective welfare, and moral responsibility. Examples from the Muslim world are used to explain the opportunities and challenges in applying these principles at the global level. Finally, the paper gives suggestions for policymakers, religious scholars, and world leaders to rebuild global justice on stronger and more ethical foundations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Ethical Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Justice Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdur Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdur Rahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 29
ending page: 43
doi: 10.63954/7sag5x78

The Problem of Religious Diversity and Its Implication on Religious Knowledge
type: item
description: Religious diversity is one of the most complex phenomena that the religious studies and philosophy face. The issue of religious diversity forms the main area of interest in this paper with references to the epistemology of religious knowledge acquisition and theological controversies. That way, it brings out how different religious beliefs influence staking on religious authority, knowledge, as well as the prospect of dialogue between religions. With problems from religious studies, philosophy, and theology at its core, this study critiques ways of overcoming the tension between the presence of religious plurality, on the one hand, and truth claims, on the other, to inform both inter-religious engagements and religious practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Religious
  topic: keywords
subject: Diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Complex Phenomena
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Plurality
  topic: keywords
creator: Osagie Sylvester Aimiehinor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Osagie Sylvester Aimiehinor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 23
ending page: 28
doi: 10.63954/e74e8728

Hak Digital dan Etika Media Sosial Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an
type: item
description: Artikel ini membahas bagaimana Al-Qur'an memberikan landasan etis dalam bermedia sosial, terutama dalam menangkal penyebaran informasi palsu atau hoaks. Melalui pendekatan ayat QS. An-Nur:11 dan QS. Al-Hujurat:6, dijelaskan bahwa prinsip tabayyun (verifikasi) merupakan kewajiban moral bagi setiap Muslim sebelum menyebarkan informasi. Hoaks dipandang sebagai perbuatan dosa besar yang membawa dampak buruk, baik di dunia maupun akhirat. Selain itu, nilai-nilai etika Qur'ani seperti berkata baik dan bersikap jujur menjadi dasar dalam membentuk komunikasi yang sehat di dunia digital. Artikel ini menekankan bahwa penguatan literasi digital berbasis nilai Islam sangat penting dalam membangun masyarakat informasi yang bertanggung jawab. This article examines how the Qur’an provides an ethical foundation for responsible engagement with social media, particularly in countering the spread of false information and hoaxes. By analyzing Qur’anic verses QS. An-Nur:11 and QS. Al-Hujurat:6, the study explains that the principle of tabayyun (verification) constitutes a moral obligation for every Muslim before disseminating information. Hoaxes are viewed as major sins that bring harmful consequences in both worldly life and the Hereafter. Furthermore, Qur’anic ethical values such as speaking kindly and acting honestly serve as fundamental principles in fostering healthy communication in the digital sphere. The article emphasizes that strengthening digital literacy based on Islamic values is essential for building a responsible information society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hoaks
  topic: keywords
subject: Tabayyun
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Sosial
  topic: keywords
subject: Etika Qur’ani
  topic: keywords
subject: Verifikasi
  topic: keywords
subject: Komunikasi Digital
  topic: keywords
creator: Neyza Asti Pratiwi
creator: Nurul Qomariyah
creator: Dwi Latifatu Ulya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Neyza Asti Pratiwi, Nurul Qomariyah, Dwi Latifatu Ulya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 16
ending page: 22
doi: 10.63954/e8bcbh06

Managerial Strategies of the Lintas Bercahaya Program in Enhancing the Broadcast Quality of Radio Bercahaya 94.3 FM Cilacap
type: item
description: This study aims to examine broadcast management, with a primary focus on the Lintas Bercahaya news program from planning and implementation to evaluation. The news program is carried out by the editorial team to deliver content that is informative, relevant, and appealing to listeners. A qualitative approach was employed using a case study method, through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The findings reveal that the management of Lintas Bercahaya broadcasts is conducted systematically through the selection of up-to-date topics, the development of communicative scripts, and regular training for announcers and reporters. Moreover, listener engagement through direct interaction serves as a key strategy for improving content quality. Through the implementation of a structured and participatory broadcast management system, the news program has succeeded in enhancing listener loyalty and strengthening the position of Radio Bercahaya as a trusted source of information in the Cilacap region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: broadcast management
  topic: keywords
subject: broadcast quality
  topic: keywords
subject: radio news
  topic: keywords
subject: Lintas Bercahaya
  topic: keywords
creator: Asyifatun Nida
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asyifatun Nida (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 9
ending page: 15
doi: 10.63954/a5d01771

Syibhul ‘Iddah for Men: An Analysis of the Madhāhib al-Arba‘ah within the Framework of Justice in Islamic Law
type: item
description: This study explores the application of syibhul 'iddah for men from the perspective of the four major Sunni schools of thought (madhāhib al-arba‘ah) and its relevance to Islamic family law in Indonesia. Triggered by regulatory disparities that impose the waiting period (‘iddah) solely on women after divorce, this research investigates the possibility of a waiting period for men. Using a qualitative-normative approach and a literature-based method, the study analyzes the views of the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali schools regarding mani‘ shar‘i as a basis for the implementation of syibhul 'iddah. The findings reveal that although men are not obligated to undergo ‘iddah, certain shar‘i conditions restrict immediate remarriage. This study underscores the significance of syibhul 'iddah in upholding the principles of justice, lineage protection, and dignity in accordance with maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: syibhul ‘iddah
  topic: keywords
subject: madhāhib al-arba‘ah
  topic: keywords
subject: mani‘ shar‘i
  topic: keywords
subject: maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah
  topic: keywords
creator: Zain Nurrohman
creator: Soiman
creator: Istikharoh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zain Nurrohman, Soiman, Istikharoh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.63954/p59w6d34

Faith and Unity: A Global Religious Tapestry
type: item
description: Despite the diversity of belief systems across the globe, the world’s major religions share a remarkable number of ethical principles, spiritual themes, and human values. This article explores the foundational similarities among faiths such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and indigenous traditions. Through a comparative analysis of sacred texts, rituals, moral teachings, and philosophical underpinnings, the study reveals a shared emphasis on compassion, justice, peace, self-discipline, and the pursuit of a higher purpose. By focusing on what unites rather than divides, this research contributes to interfaith dialogue and global understanding, presenting religion not as a source of conflict, but as a bridge toward common humanity. This exploration of shared religious values invites readers to reconsider the spiritual connections that bind us across cultures and continents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: similarities in world religions
  topic: keywords
subject: interfaith unity
  topic: keywords
subject: religious pluralism
  topic: keywords
subject: peace and religion
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarah Etuajie Igunbor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sarah Etuajie Igunbor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 44
doi: 10.63954/j3fh3b21

Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga Terhadap Istri: Tinjauan Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam
type: item
description: Pemahaman terhadap regulasi kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) dari perspektif hukum positif dan hukum Islam memiliki urgensi strategis dalam menjamin perlindungan yang optimal bagi korban, khususnya istri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pandangan Imam Syafi’i mengenai praktik KDRT terhadap istri serta menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi korban berdasarkan ketentuan hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis berupa reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan, dan verifikasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut Imam Syafi’i, KDRT memiliki kedudukan hukum ganda: dibolehkan dalam rangka penanganan istri nusyuz dengan batasan tertentu, dan dilarang apabila melampaui ketentuan tersebut. Adapun menurut hukum positif di Indonesia, KDRT dikategorikan sebagai tindak pidana yang diancam sanksi pidana penjara atau denda. Dengan demikian, terdapat kesamaan tujuan antara hukum Islam dan hukum positif dalam menegakkan keadilan dan memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi korban KDRT. Understanding domestic violence regulations from the perspectives of positive law and Islamic law has strategic importance in ensuring optimal protection for victims, particularly wives. This study aims to examine Imam Shafi‘i’s views on domestic violence against wives and to analyze legal protection for victims based on the provisions of positive law and Islamic law. The research employs a qualitative approach, using data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification as analytical techniques. The findings indicate that, according to Imam Shafi‘i, domestic violence has a dual legal status: it is permitted in handling cases of a wife’s nusyuz under specific limitations, and prohibited when it exceeds these boundaries. Meanwhile, under Indonesian positive law, domestic violence is classified as a criminal offense punishable by imprisonment or fines. Therefore, both Islamic law and positive law share a commo…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kekerasan Rumah Tangga
  topic: keywords
subject: Hukum Positif
  topic: keywords
subject: Perlindungan Korban
  topic: keywords
creator: Iqbal Taufik Ngainul Yaqin
creator: Istikharoh
creator: Sudirwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iqbal Taufik Ngainul Yaqin, Istikharoh, Sudirwan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 26
ending page: 35
doi: 10.63954/d1hqqb56

Omnibenevolent God and the Blessedness of Evil: A Critical Analysis
type: item
description: The aim of this research therefore is to examine the problem of evil in relation to an omnibenevolent God, look at the possibility of the concept of the blessedness of evil in theological and philosophical paradigms. The study uses an analytical qualitative approach that seeks to understand the place of evil using the kind of theology, Augustine privation theory of evil, Leibniz “the best possible world and Hick’s soul making theodicy. Thus, it is seen that evil though manifestly negative has its utilitarian functions in gaining higher and better moral, religious and retributive values. As it is with all vices, they are said to help human nature to grow, for values such as courage, patience, and pity are nurtured by vice, and the Devil is said to act according to the plan of Providence. Also, affliction and trouble are depicted as having the ability to strengthen one’s belief, wake them up spiritually, and cultivate trust in God. In the light of the finding the authors affirm that the proof of evil is a testimony to God’s omnibenevolence if understood from a divine plan perspective. The article also suggests that people should go through suffering believing and being moral since suffering can be redemptive. Further, theological education should stress the restoration aspect of sufferings so that Christians can explain why Baha’l albish is in God. In conclusion, the study aims at perceiving evil without fear and doubts, and in fact suggests developing the reactions to the evil acts in its terms of compassion, justice, and divine providence of God.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: providence of God
  topic: keywords
subject: Omnibenevolent God
  topic: keywords
subject: Blessedness
  topic: keywords
subject: Christians
  topic: keywords
subject: sufferings
  topic: keywords
creator: Osagie Sylvester AIMIEHINOR
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Osagie Sylvester AIMIEHINOR (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 19
ending page: 25
doi: 10.63954/thpdmb84

Implementation of Multicultural-Based Islamic Education at Senior High School
type: item
description: The implementation of multicultural-based Islamic Education has already been adopted in several schools across Indonesia. This study aims to explain how multicultural-based Islamic Education is taught, as well as to describe the learning outcomes of such an approach at SMA Negeri 1 Rawalo. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity was ensured through triangulation. The subjects of this study included Islamic Education (PAI) teachers and students at SMA Negeri 1 Rawalo. The outcomes of multicultural-based Islamic Education learning, as assessed by teachers, were drawn from students’ tartil recitation performance for Muslim students and from observing attitudes toward differences among students. The values cultivated through this learning include tolerance and mutual respect, despite the many differences that exist. The implementation of multicultural-based Islamic Education material is evident in daily religious practices, the values embedded within them, and in maintaining the interaction between religion and culture. The benefits of this approach include the ability to position oneself appropriately between religious and cultural contexts, an understanding of the moral values contained therein, more critical thinking, and a broader study of Islam.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Multicultural Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Values
  topic: keywords
creator: Frizka Dhia Izwana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Frizka Dhia Izwana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 18
doi: 10.63954/md4say47

Habituation of Sholat Dhuha to Foster Religious and Moral Values in Early Childhood
type: item
description: Instilling religious and moral values in early childhood is essential, as it serves as the foundation for a child’s growth in developing a noble character. At KB Tsamrotul Fuadi Pancasan Ajibarang, a routine habituation of Sholat Dhuha is implemented to cultivate these religious and moral values. This study aims to explore the practice of Sholat Dhuha habituation in fostering religious and moral values among young children at KB Tsamrotul Fuadi Pancasan Ajibarang. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, this research analyzes data based on the actual conditions and findings observed in the field. The results reveal that the habituation of Sholat Dhuha contributes to the development of three core aspects in early childhood religious and moral values: aqidah (faith), ibadah (worship), and akhlak (morality).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: habituation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sholat Dhuha
  topic: keywords
subject: development
  topic: keywords
subject: religious and moral values
  topic: keywords
creator: Neli Lutfiyati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Neli Lutfiyati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.63954/kv8x3992